Vanguard Magazine

46 AUGUST/SEPTEMBER 2018 www.vanguardcanada.com THE LAST woRD cesses focus solely on integrity, assurance and consistency of data and the systems that store, process and retrieve it. A shift to algorithm integrity is significant and will require that all processes and practices are not only well tested but standardized and governed. From the above examples, it's clear how AI's generation of outputs is ambiguous and how risk in the form of human er- ror, bias or tampering must be mitigated through early validation and rigour. As other technologies emerge – open and portable identity, autonomous agents, Deep Learning and Artificial Neural Net- works – the risks accelerate the need to understand and secure these processes, as well as the technology. Unique challenges to advanced technol- ogy use will undoubtedly surface. We saw it this month with Google's Project Maven, a US Department of Defense AI imagery project meant to improve drone strikes in battle. The social sentiment by Google employees on the project – the use of AI and its "weaponization" – was so negative, the project was cancelled and resulted in an anti-warfare corporate policy. Where do we go from here In a world where nations already struggle with consensus on complex agreements and treaties, such as climate, trade and hu- man rights, any technology that challenges social constructs and values will be met with scrutiny. Undoubtedly, corporations and govern- ments will set ethical and security stan- dards for these advanced technologies, but legislation, treaties and governance will provide little assurance for proper, ethical use of technology. Calling for an unprecedented level of in- vestment, adaptation and preparedness, the answers to ethics in technology are just not clear yet. It is likely we will continue to stick-handle our way through technological change for the time being, until we deter- mine what will be sufficient to secure the as- sets and stakes involved and how to govern the responsible actions of other nations. But one thing we can't lose sight of is: whatever we collectively disallow will most certainly be developed by some actor or nation, developing threats that will be quickly commoditized into thriving black markets. This alone stands to redefine cybersecurity, countermeasures and safe- guards to an intellectual and social level never imagined before – except maybe in science fiction. Valarie Findlay is an American Society for Evidenced-Based Policing member and a research fellow for the Police Foundation (USA) with two decades of senior-level ex- pertise in cybersecurity and policing initia- tives. She has worked extensively on fed- eral cyber initiatives and is a member of the Canadian Association of Chiefs of Police eCrimes Cyber Council and AFCEA DC. She has a Masters in Sociology and a Masters in Terrorism Studies with her dissertation addressing the impacts of terrorism on law enforcement in Western Nations. Undoubtedly, corporations and governments will set ethical and security standards for these advanced technologies, but legislation, treaties and governance will provide little assurance for proper, ethical use of technology. Format Preference: Print Digital Name: Title: Organization: Address: City: Province: Phone: Postal Code: e-mail address: Payment: Cheque Enclosed Visa Mastercard Name: Card #: Exp. Date I wish to receive/continue to receive Vanguard magazine: YES! NO For faster service subscribe today at: 1-226 Edward Street, Aurora, ON, L4G 3S8 905-727-4428 905-841-7389 www.vanguardcanada.com/subscribe-2

• Cover