Vanguard Magazine

deFenCe PoLiCY www.vanguardcanada.com APRIL/MAY 2019 21 U.S., are spendthrifts as well. In 2017, the UK spent 1.83 per cent of their GDP on defence, Australia 1.99 per cent, New Zea- land 1.16 per cent and the U.S. 3.15 per cent. (An aside: Saudi Arabia spent a whop- ping 10.29 per cent.) With the success of Strong, Secure, Engaged relying on so many moving parts, including the economic, political and tech- nological climate over time, budget allo- cation may pale as a concern. Developing solutions in an uncertain climate is never ideal. While an optimistic policy, the agil- ity and flexibility needed to meet unknown and unforeseen challenges will form a greater part of the success criteria. Continued Efforts and How Cyber Fits Over the past decade, Canadian Armed Forces (CAF) operations have dramatically evolved, in spite of less than adequate bud- get priority. Strong, Secure, Engaged rein- forces the need for this to continue with more focus placed on robust innovation that will respond to the future complexity of warfare and conflict, impacts of global- ization and changing balances of power. As always, core to this will be Canada's continued role in traditional alliances – such as NORAD, NATO and the FVEY community – to promote and sustain peace and stability through operational support and intelligence-sharing. While Strong, Secure, Engaged emphasizes the asymme- try and ambiguousness of the global threat landscape, new threat actors and industry- driven technology that outpace legislation, cohesive alliances and partnerships will add to response and detection capabilities. A little difficult to categorically pin down, cyber is illustrated in Strong, Secure, Engaged as both the cyber domain and cy- ber capabilities. A closer look reveals that cyber is well-woven throughout the CAF elements, extending to FVEY and interna- tional partners, and cornerstone to every defence priority area, initiative and project, recognizing it as a comprehensive, integrat- ed utility and long term investment. Firmly situated within priority initia- tives and well-defined areas of concen- tration, cyber will also be predominant in supporting CAF efforts to transform and modernize defence, in what will be an extraordinarily different security en- vironment. Already, military personnel, equipment, platforms and information technology systems are networked, inter- dependent and interoperable and become even more embedded and essential. The need for intelligence has steadily increased and will continue to do so, put- ting additional strain on cyber capabilities, technologies, architectures and resources. Defence intelligence, comprised of disci- plines, such as human intelligence (HU- MINT) and identity intelligence (I2) – not to mention GEOINT, OSINT, SIGINT, TECHINT, MASINT, etc. – is highly di- versified and sensitive. Playing a key role in military operations – such as targeting, forecasting flashpoints and identifying emerging threats – defence intelligence relies on cyber for security, confidentiality, integrity and availability enabling access, generative and standard analysis, transmis- sion/sharing and storage. At home, CAF has worked closely with Communications Security Establishment, Public Safety Canada, Global Affairs Can- ada and Shared Services Canada for many years on cyber security standards, identi- fying vulnerabilities and threats, develop- ing counter intelligence and integrating defensive cyber operations into broader military operations. These will continue to strengthen and evolve to committee governance, as seen with the Canadian Committee on National Security Systems FLEETWAY.CA Digitally Enabled, Hands-On Experience 100% Canadian owned, we're proud to be Canada's trusted Halifax-Class in-service support partner.

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