Vanguard Magazine

sophisticated systems. The five key dimen- sions are illustrated in Figure 1. It is worth noting that the Government of Canada recently introduced its guid- ing principles for the effective, ethical and responsible use of AI in government. The fourth of these five principles – and the one that is perhaps most relevant to Canada's Department of National Defence (DND) – states that "the government will be as open as we can by sharing source code, training data, and other relevant information, all while protecting personal information, sys- tem integration, and national security and defence…." The last part of this statement is critical; however, protecting national se- curity and defence is certainly not a trivial undertaking and is much easier said than done. Moreover, the DND's current expe- rience in AI is quite limited (for instance, AI does not yet explicitly appear in Canada's defence policy ) and likely requires external advisory to ensure the successful, safe and secure deployment of AI across the orga- nization. Concluding remarks AI's transformative nature is set to disrupt the way defence organizations – just as those in many related institutions, includ- ing federal governments and public-sector entities – conduct business. From automat- ing everyday tasks with intelligent bots to enhancing complex field operations with cognitive forms of analytics, AI's broad suite of capabilities presents business func- tions in the defence sector with the oppor- tunity to substantially boost productivity, cut costs and make smarter decisions. It does so by freeing up human capital for higher-level work, generating operational efficiencies for outdated business processes and computing larger volumes of data fast- er and more effectively than before. For defence organizations that are will- ing and eager to evolve in the digital era, AI opens up virtually limitless potential to reap the benefits of new and innovative technol- ogy. But to accelerate innovation and fully realize this potential, defence organizations must deploy AI solutions with careful con- siderations in mind around responsibil- ity and ethics. Strong AI practices that are bolstered by trust, accountability, fairness, interpretability, explainability, performance, robustness, security and governance are pre- requisites that will allow underlying business functions to most effectively manage and mitigate any potential challenges or risks that may arise from the adoption of AI. With those foundational principles ingrained at the onset, these organizations will be best positioned to embark on their AI journeys and exploit new ways of doing things that they may not have imagined before without the added value of AI on their side. References: 1. PwC, "Sizing the prize" (2017): https://www.pwc.com/gx/en/is- sues/data-and-analytics/publications/ artificial-intelligence-study.html 2. PwC, "PwC's Responsible AI" (2019): https://www.pwc.com/gx/en/is- sues/data-and-analytics/artificial-intel- ligence/what-is-responsible-ai.html 3. Government of Canada, "Responsible Use of Artificial Intelligence (AI)" (2019): https://www.canada.ca/en/ government/system/digital-govern- ment/modern-emerging-technolo- gies/responsible-use-ai.html, retrieved on 23 September 2019. 4. Government of Canada, "Strong, secure, engaged: Canada's defense poli- cy" (2019): http://publications.gc.ca/ site/eng/9.835971/publication.html, retrieved 23 September 2019. Maciej K. Hryniewicki is a Manager in pwC Canada's AI consulting practice, based in Toronto, Ontario, where he leads the plan- ning and execution of AI and machine- learning solutions for large multinational clients. prior to joining pwC Canada, Maciej received his phD in Engineering Science from the University of Toronto, with a spe- cialization in Applied Mathematics and Sci- entific Computing. Dean V. Braknis is a Senior Manager in pwC Canada's consulting and deals practice, based in Ottawa, Ontario. prior to joining pwC Canada, he was a Naval Warfare Of- ficer for over two decades in the Royal Ca- nadian Navy. He is a graduate of the Joint Command and Staff programme at the Ca- nadian Forces College in Toronto, Ontario. He received a Master's degree in Defence Studies from the Royal Military College of Canada and an MBA from the University of Fredericton. www.vanguardcanada.com DECEMBER 2019/JANUARY 2020 13 Ai Figure 1: the five key dimensions that underpin responsible AI within an organization.

• Cover