Vanguard Magazine

Drone Detection Advances B Y R O M A N G R . M A E V, D S c, P h D A N D A RYA Z B A R A D A R A N I , P h D MANAGING ENHANCEMENTS IN AN UNMANNED SKY Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), commonly known as drones, have revolutionized various industries, from agriculture to surveillance. However, their widespread adoption also brings security challenges. Unauthorized drones can pose risks to critical infrastructure, public safety, and privacy. In response, researchers and engineers have developed sophisticated drone detection technologies to safeguard our airspace. In this article, we explore recent advancements in drone detection and the methods used to identify and mitigate potential threats. As drones become integral to various industries, these technologies will shape their future. Whether it is countering rogue drones, enabling swarms, navigating autonomously, optimizing energy use, or ensuring secure communication, innovation continues to propel the drone ecosystem forward. 12 AUGUST/SEPTEMBER 2024 www.vanguardcanada.com F E AT U R E T he landscape of drone tech- nology is rapidly evolving. Among the emerging trends, several key technologies stand out. Counter-drone systems focus on detecting, tracking, and neutralizing unauthorized drones using radio frequency (RF) sensing, jamming, and directed energy weapons. Ensuring scalability and minimizing false posi- tives remain challenges while using these methods. Swarm drones, inspired by natural swarms, are coordinated groups of drones offering exciting opportuni- ties. From search and rescue missions to precision agriculture, swarm technology requires addressing coordination com- plexities and communication overhead. Additionally, the challenges associated with lighting conditions and obstacle avoidance are critical to overcome. Au- tonomous navigation systems, equipped with computer vision, simultaneous lo- calization and mapping, and path optimi- zation algorithms, can navigate complex environments. Besides the growth in drone technology, improving energy efficiency to prolong flight time is very important. Innovations in aerodynamic design help reduce drag and improve overall efficiency. Optimized powertrains enhance energy conversion and propulsion efficiency, while improved drone batteries allow for longer flight hours and faster recharging. Wireless charging is also on the horizon, expanding battery applications beyond UAVs. Some large drones now dynamically update opti- mal energy routes in real-time using wind velocity sensors, cameras, and terrain map- ping systems. Methods for Drone Detection 1. Radar-Based Systems • Principle: Radar systems emit radio waves and detect reflections from objects. They provide long-range coverage and work in all weather conditions. • Advancements: Improved resolution and range, as well as the integration of AI to differentiate drones from small objects.

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