Vanguard Magazine

G GLOBaL DEFENCE 30 DECEMBER 2015/JANUARY 2016 www.vanguardcanada.com The six segments in this graphic outline distinct profiles reflect- ing the respective levels of Defence prioritization and security posture. Global Power Projectors: The United States and Russia. These two nations alone spend greater than 3% of their GDP on Defence and are very engaged in security efforts around the world. These nations seek to use their military capabilities and security posture to influence global security issues. Their Defence organizations are very large and mature. Al- though not necessarily nimble, these organizations are capable of deploying forces, managing large complex procurements, and, at least in the case of the United States, conducting large scale op- erations around the world. Constrained Force Projectors: Australia, China, France and the United Kingdom. These four nations spend between 1.5% and 3% of their GDP on Defence and are very engaged in security efforts around the world. These nations are among the world's largest Defence-spending nations, who prioritize high-end Defence capa- bilities and have militaries that can deploy or exert their influence in most regions of the world. Coalition Partners: Canada, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Spain and Sweden. These six nations spend less than 1.5% of their GDP on Defence, but they are very engaged in security efforts around the world. While these nations have modest Defence budgets, they readily contribute to United Nations peacekeeping and multilateral coalition operations around the world. Except for Sweden, these nations are all NATO allies who have a strong track record of operating together. Robust Self-Defenders: Angola, Algeria, Bahrain, Colombia, Iraq, Israel, Kuwait, Morocco, Oman, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Syria, Ukraine and the United Arab Emirates (UAE). These fifteen nations spend greater than 3% of their GDP on Defence, but are more focused on security efforts in their im- mediate geographic region. Because of internal or immediate re- gional threats, these nations have developed military capabilities centered on directly and aggressively countering those challenges. Threat-Focused Self-Defenders: Chile, Croatia, Egypt, Esto- nia, Greece, India, Iran, Malaysia, Portugal, Poland, Qatar, South Korea, Taiwan, Thailand, Turkey and Vietnam. These sixteen na- tions spend between 1.5% and 3% of their GDP on Defence and are more focused on security efforts in their immediate geograph- ic area. Many of these nations participate in UN peacekeeping or multilateral coalition operations to help build relationships with allies and partners, but the focus of their spending is on counter- ing a specific threat emanating from a single nation. Territorial Security Seekers: Argentina, Austria, Belgium, Bra- zil, Denmark, Finland, Indonesia, Japan, Latvia, Lithuania, Mexi- co, New Zealand, Norway, the Philippines, South Africa, Switzer- land and Venezuela. These seventeen nations spend less than 1.5% of their GDP on Defence and are more focused on security efforts The depth and breadth of these current security challenges leave defense leaders with some tough choices: • What institutional reform initiatives are needed to posture their ministries for the future? • What procurement priorities are needed for the coming years? • How do they build the necessary organizational agility in order to address a wider range of threats (strategic nuclear, conventional, terror, cyber, etc.)? • How should they cooperate with allies and partners around the world? • What should be the priorities for their domestic industrial base? How nations address these and other questions will profoundly impact on global stability. Ministries left with difficult choices

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